/p/2026-10-25 · explainer
Paper explainer · 2610.31314 · Zhu and Yuan

It can still recite the rule. It just stopped applying it.

Put one durable constraint in the system prompt, bury it under unrelated turns, then ask the model to do a task that the constraint governs. When it breaks the rule, fork the same conversation and ask it to list its active instructions instead. It recites the rule it just broke. Across seven pinned models and 875 scored outputs, 70 of 79 failures were that shape — 88.6% — which means the problem is not memory. Restating the rule as checkable predicates at every turn and verifying the answer against them took the weakest model from 54.0% to 78.4%.

01 · The fork

pick a constraint, then read both branches

02 · Who holds it

choose which column to rank by

03 · Depth

at twelve turns at fifty turns

04 · The fix, and its trap

step through what anchoring adds to each turn

05 · Your own assistant illustrative

pick the model tier you ship on

Results

What the paper actually measured

What it does not show

In practice